《英国刑法》教学大纲

一、课程基本信息
课程代码 课程类别 选修课
中文名称 英国刑法 英文名称 Criminal Law
适用专业 法学 开课单位 法学院
总学时 36 (理论:36 实验实习: ) 学 分 2
先修课程 后续课程

二、课程性质、地位和任务
英国刑法为西南大学法学院本科法学专业选修课程。本课通过双语教学，系统介绍英国刑法制度，使学生了解英国刑法体系，掌握基本刑法理论。同时, 鼓励学生对中英刑法进行比较研究，并且在课堂上能够用英文进行提问和专题讨论。

三、课程基本要求
1. 使学生掌握英国刑法体系的基本理论，了解普通法与成文法在英国刑法中的地位和作用，认识犯罪构成的基本要件、特点以及相关要素。
2. 通过教学和案例分析，培养学生独立分析和研究能力。同时要求学生掌握相关英文法律专有词汇和术语，具有英文交流表达能力。

四、课程内容及学时分配
第一章 刑法导论
第一节、教学内容
一、犯罪概念的起源、内容以及争论焦点。Crimes is an act (or sometimes a failure to act) that is deemed by statutes or by the common law to be a public wrong and is therefore punishable by the state in criminal proceedings. Criminal liability is imposed on conduct felt to be against the general interests of society. The types of conduct which are considered criminal vary from society to society. Therefore, it is important to realize that there is no absolute conception of criminal behaviour.
二、刑罚制度结构、基本原则和刑罚种类。A penalty imposed on a defendant duly convicted of a crime by an authorized court. The punishment is declared in the sentence of the court. There are two basic principles governing punishment as follows: The principle of legality states that conduct does not constitute crime unless it has previously been declared to be so by the law. This principle declares that a person can only be punished for a crime if the punishment is prescribed by law. With the exception of treason and murder, for which the punishment is fixed, all statutory punishments are expressed in terms of the maximum possible punishment. Judges have discretion to impose a lesser punishment according to the circumstances. The sentences include death penalty, life imprisonment, fixed-term imprisonment, fines, probation order, community punishment order, curfew order, confiscation order, hospital order, conditional discharge and absolute discharge.
第二节、教学目的
一、了解英国刑法犯罪概念。
二、掌握刑罚制度基本原则。
第三节、教学安排
一、课堂授课。
二、两学时。
第四节、教学重点
一、犯罪概念。
二、刑罚制度。
第五节、教学难点
一、普通法与成文法的区别。
二、英国刑法法律体系结构。
第六节、教学方法与手段
一、双语教学。
二、互动教学。
三、课堂讲授、讨论与课后作业相结合。

第二章 犯罪构成
第一节、教学内容
一、Actus Reus 和 Mens Rea 概念。A person cannot usually be found guilty of criminal offence unless two elements are present: an actus reus, Latin for guilty act; and mens rea, Latin for guilty mind. The definition of particular crime, either in statute or under common law, will contain the required actus reus and mens rea for the offence. The prosecution has to prove both of those elements so that the judge and jury are satisfied beyond all reasonable doubt of their existence.
二、不作为犯罪与作为犯罪各自概念及区别。Most offences are based on the fact that the accused ‘did’ something or committed an ‘act’. Some offences may be committed by an omission. Most offences are based on the commission of an act or activity, that is, on something actively done by the accused. This may be a simple act, such as a blow with the hand; or it may be more complicated in nature and involve the performance of a number of related physical acts together comprising the prohibited activity, such as driving a motor car. The conduct requirement of most offences is generally satisfied by proof of positive action. But, in certain circumstances, a passive failure to act may constitute the requisite conduct. Some crimes are specifically defined so as to involve criminal liability for failing to act.
三、因果关系理论及三种原则。If the definition of an offence specifies a particular consequence, it is a ‘result’ crime and the prosecution must prove, in order to establish the actus reus, that the defendant caused that consequence. For example, in order to establish the actus reus of homicide, it is necessary to prove that the defendant caused the death of the victim. There are three rules: 1) an ‘operative and substantial’ cause of the consequence; 2) an ‘reasonably foreseeable consequence‘; and 3) the ‘thin skull’.
第二节、教学目的
一、学习犯罪构成要件，了解拉丁文Actus Reus 和 Mens Rea 在犯罪构成理论中的重要性。
二、掌握以下基本概念：作为、不作为、故意、过失，以及因果关系。
第三节、教学安排
一、课堂授课。
二、两学时。
第四节、教学重点
一、Actus Reus 和 Mens Rea 概念。
二、因果关系理论及三种原则。
第五节、教学难点
一、不作为犯罪概念。
二、因果关系三原则。
第六节、教学方法与手段
一、双语教学。
二、互动教学。
三、课堂讲授、讨论与课后作业相结合。

第三章 犯罪形态
第一节、教学内容
一、未遂罪概念及特点。Certain acts, that, although not constituting a complete offence, are nonetheless prohibited by the criminal law because they constitute steps towards the complete offence, are called inchoate offences. The word ‘inchoate’ indicates that these offences are in a sense incomplete. Attempt is an act being more than merely preparatory to the intended commission of a crime. This act is itself a crime. For example, shooting at someone but missing could be attempted murder, but merely buying a gun would not. One may be guilty of attempting to commit a crime that proves impossible to commit.
二、共谋罪概念及特点。Conspiracy is an agreement between two or more people to behave in a manner that will automatically constitute an offence by at least one of them (e.g. two people agree that one of them shall steal while the other waits in a getaway car). The agreement is itself a statutory crime, usually punishable in the same way as the offence agreed on, even if it is not carried out. Mens rea, in the sense of knowledge of the facts that make the action criminal, is required by at least two of the conspirators, even if the crime agreed upon is one of strict liability. One may be guilty of conspiracy even if it is impossible to commit the offence agreed on.
三、教唆罪概念及特点。Incitement is an act persuading or attempting to persuade someone else to commit a crime. In other words, an incitement is an attempt to influence the mind of another to the commission of an offence. Incitement means encouraging others to do something which would amount to a crime. For example, if A instructs B, a contract killer, to murder someone, A will immediately be liable for incitement to murder, even if the killing is never carried out.
第二节、教学目的
一、了解犯罪形态理论及概念。
二、掌握三种犯罪形态结构。
第三节、教学安排
一、课堂授课。
二、两学时。
第四节、教学重点
一、未遂罪概念及特点。
二、教唆罪概念及特点。
第五节、教学难点
一、共谋罪概念及特点。
二、教唆罪概念及特点。
第六节、教学方法与手段
一、双语教学。
二、互动教学。
三、课堂讲授、讨论与课后作业相结合。

第四章 共同犯罪
第一节、教学内容
一、主犯在共同犯罪中的地位以及刑事责任。The principal is the person whose act is the most immediate cause of the actus reus of the crime in question. In relation to murder, the principal is the person who, with mens rea, causes the death of the victim. In relation to theft, it is the person who dishonestly appropriates property belonging to another with an intention to permanently deprive the other of it. A person can be a principal even if he does not carry out the act himself, for example, if he acts through an innocent agent such as a child, or if he is legally responsible for the acts of another such as vicarious liability.
二、从犯在共同犯罪中的地位以及刑事责任。An accessory, often described as a secondary party, is someone who has helped or encouraged the principal offender to commit the crime. In other words, an accessory is one who either successfully incites someone to commit a crime or helps him to do so. According to the Accessories and Abettors Act 1861, it can be found there are four types of accessory liability: aiding, abetting, counselling, and procuring. Though the meanings of these four types of behaviour may be overlap, each one still has itself particular meaning. In summary, aiding means helping at the time of the principal offence; abetting means encouraging at the time; counselling means encouraging prior to the commission of the principal offence; and procuring means helping prior to its commission. It should be noted that all four types of behaviour occur in the performance of a crime either before or during its commission but not after the commission.
第二节、教学目的
一、了解共同犯罪理论及概念。
二、掌握共同犯罪的特点及要件。
第三节、教学安排
一、课堂授课。
二、两学时。
第四节、教学重点
一、主犯概念及种类。
二、从犯概念及种类。
第五节、教学难点
一、主犯与从犯的关系。
二、不同种类从犯的认定。
第六节、教学方法与手段
一、双语教学。
二、互动教学。
三、课堂讲授、讨论与课后作业相结合。

第五章 杀人罪
第一节、教学内容
一、谋杀罪构成要件，刑罚规定及历史变革。Murder is the most serious offence of homicide. The actus reus of murder is unlawfully causing the death of a human being, that comprises the three elements: human being, death, and unlawful killing. The mens rea of murder is an intention to kill or cause grievous bodily harm to the victim. There are two forms: intention to kill, and intention to cause grievous bodily harm.
二、故意杀人罪构成要件与刑罚规定。Voluntary manslaughter is committed where the defendant does possess the necessary elements for murder but is regarded as having a reduced level of blameworthiness because of existence of a specified excuse. In other words, a voluntary manslaughter has no difference from a murder because the actus reus and mens rea of voluntary manslaughter are the same as those required for murder. The particular of the voluntary manslaughter is that there are mitigating circum¬stances which allow a partial defence, and so reduce liability to that of manslaughter. There are four sorts of defence: provocation, diminished re¬sponsibility, suicide pact and infanticide, that are classified as voluntary manslaughter.
三、过失杀人罪构成要件与刑罚规定。Involuntary manslaughter is regarded as less serious than murder because the defendant does not act with malice aforethought. He or she has a less blameworthy state of mind – but there must nevertheless be some blame. This requisite blame can be mainly established in either constructive manslaughter or gross negligence manslaughter
四、谋杀罪与故意杀人罪与过失杀人罪的刑事责任与量刑。Murder is the most serious category of homicide, requiring an intention to kill or cause grievous bodily harm, and is designed to apply to those killing which society regards as most abhorrent. Therefore, the sentence for murder is always the most severe punishment amongst those offences of homicide. Before the Homicide Act 1957, all defendant convicted of murder were automatically sentenced to death. In the Homicide Act 1957, the reformation of the death penalty for murder was issued. It provided certain types of murder were continually punishable by capital punishment, while the remaining types of murder were sentenced to life imprisonment. Manslaughter ranges sentences from the maximum sentence of life imprisonment to a shorter term of imprisonment and even a community-based sentence or absolute discharge.
第二节、教学目的
一、掌握谋杀罪概念及构成要件。
二、掌握故意杀人罪概念及构成要件。
三、掌握过失杀人罪概念及构成要件。
第三节、教学安排
一、课堂授课。
二、两学时。
第四节、教学重点
一、谋杀罪概念。
二、故意杀人罪概念及种类。
第五节、教学难点
一、谋杀罪与故意杀人罪的区别。
二、激怒杀人的要素与认定。
第六节、教学方法与手段
一、双语教学。
二、互动教学。
三、课堂讲授、讨论与课后作业相结合。

第六章 伤害罪
第一节、教学内容
一、伤害罪的构成要件。Non-fatal offences against the person cover a wide range of behaviour from a raised fist to a calculated wounding, and constitute the majority of offences charged with regards to offences against the person. Each crime will be discussed in turn, examining the necessary elements in order to commit that crime, relevant cases, and important criticism and commentary.
二、其它相关犯罪的构成要件。The actus reus for common assault involves the defendant causing the victim to apprehend imminent unlawful force. Actual physical contact or force applied to the victim is not necessary to constitute a common assault. Hence, the offence of common assault committed as long as the defendant does something that results in the victim feeling threatened.
三、伤害罪以及其它相关犯罪的刑事责任与量刑。The mens rea for common assault is that the defendant had the intention or was Cunningham reckless to the fact that the victim would apprehend imminent unlawful force. Therefore, the defendant must have either intended to cause the victim to fear the infliction of immediate and unlawful force, or must have seen the risk that such fear would be created. The maximum sentence for common assault is six months’ imprisonment. The maximum sentence for the offence of battery is six months’ imprisonment. The maximum sentence for the offence of assault occasioning bodily harm is five years’ imprisonment. The maximum sentence for the offence of wounding or inflicting grievous bodily harm is five years’imprisonment.
第二节、教学目的
一、了解伤害罪以及其它相关犯罪的概念。
二、掌握主要几种伤害罪以及其它相关犯罪的构成要件
第三节、教学安排
一、课堂授课。
二、两学时。
第四节、教学重点
一、企图伤害罪概念。
二、重伤罪概念。
第五节、教学难点
一、企图伤害罪与伤害罪区别。
二、轻伤罪与重伤罪区别。
第六节、教学方法与手段
一、双语教学。
二、互动教学。
三、课堂讲授、讨论与课后作业相结合。

第七章 绑架罪以及相关犯罪
第一节、教学内容
一、绑架罪的构成要件。Kidnapping, like false imprisonment, is a common law offence. The elements for this offence involve the unlawful taking or carrying away of one person by the defendant by force or by fraud. These requirements go beyond those of mere restraint needed for false imprisonment, as kidnapping is a severely serious offence.
二、相关犯罪构成要件。False imprisonment is a misdemeanour at common law. This offence is committed where the defendant unlawfully and intentionally or recklessly restrains the victim’s freedom of movement from a particular place.
三、绑架罪以及相关犯罪的刑事责任与量刑。Detaining someone without any lawful authority or prior permission may amount to false imprisonment. Such a detention or restraint may be committed either intentionally or recklessly. Taking or carrying someone away by force or fraud without any lawful authority or without the person’s consent can amount to kidnapping. Again, this may be done intentionally or recklessly.
第二节、教学目的
一、了解绑架罪以及相关犯罪的概念。
二、掌握绑架罪以及相关犯罪的构成要件。
第三节、教学安排
一、课堂授课。
二、两学时。
第四节、教学重点
一、绑架罪概念。
二、非法拘禁罪概念。
第五节、教学难点
一、绑架罪与非法拘禁罪区别。
二、劫持人质罪构成要件。
第六节、教学方法与手段
一、双语教学。
二、互动教学。
三、课堂讲授、讨论与课后作业相结合。

第八章 强奸罪
第一节、教学内容
一、强奸罪概念的历史变革。Rape is the sexual intercourse with a woman or man without their consent, as a result of physical force or threats, or fraud, or as the victim was mental defective, unconscious or sleep. Rape is the most serious crime in the category of sexual offences because it is the violation of another’s interests in bodily security, autonomy and privacy. In addition, such offence can involve degradation, humiliation and psychological trauma.
二、强奸罪构成要件。The offence of rape can only be committed by a man. This is because the offence requires penetration with a penis. In the past, there was an irrebuttable presumption that boys under 14 could not have sexual intercourse and therefore could not be liable for rape. The essence of rape is sexual intercourse without consent. According to section 74 of the Sexual Offences Act 2003, ‘consent’ means that ‘a person consents if he agrees by choice, and has the freedom and capacity to make that choice’. The mens rea is required that the defendant intends to penetrate the vagina, anus, or mouth of the victim with his penis, and that the defendant does not reasonably believe that the victim consents to the penetration. Two elements are underlined: intention of penetration; and ‘does not reasonably believe that the victim consents’.
三、强奸罪的刑事责任与量刑。The offence of rape can only be committed by a man. This is because the offence requires penetration with a penis. In the past, there was an irrebuttable presumption that boys under 14 could not have sexual intercourse and therefore could not be liable for rape. However, the rule was abolished by section 1 of the Sexual Offences Act 1993. According to this Act, a boy under the age of 14 is guilty of rape if he had intercourse without consent, however, he must be above the age of criminal responsibility, namely, over the age of 10.The maximum penalty for the offence of rape is life imprisonment.
第二节、教学目的
一、了解强奸罪的概念。
二、掌握强奸罪认定的构成要件。
第三节、教学安排
一、课堂授课。
二、两学时。
第四节、教学重点
一、强奸罪概念。
二、强奸罪构成要件。
第五节、教学难点
一、强奸罪客观要件的认定。
二、受害人的认定。
第六节、教学方法与手段
一、双语教学。
二、互动教学。
三、课堂讲授、讨论与课后作业相结合。

第九章 其它相关的性犯罪
第一节、教学内容
一、插入罪、猥亵罪等相关性犯罪的概念。The actus reus required is that the defendant penetrates the vagina or anus of the victim with a part of his body or anything else without consent of the victim. The defendant must have an intention of sexual assault, for example, intending to touch the victim’s privacy without consent of the victim. Actually, the mens rea of this offence is identical to those used in relation to offence of either rape or assault by penetration.
二、插入罪、猥亵罪等相关性犯罪的构成要件及刑事责任。Basically, this offence has many similarities with the offence of rape unless the differences as follows: this offence required is that the penetration is made by a part of his body such as the defendant’s figure or hand, or anything else like a stick, and for the offence of rape, it must be penetrated by the defendant’s penis; penetration of this offence means penetrating either the vagina or anus of the victim, and however, to amount to rape, the penetration includes to penetrate the vagina, anus and mouth of the victim; and this offence can be committed by a man as well as a woman, but the rape can be committed by the man only. According to the Act, on a charge of sexual assault the prosecution must prove: 1) that the defendant touched the victim without consent of the victim; 2) that the touching must be sexual; 3) that the defendant intended to commit the offence of sexual assault; and 4) the defendant did not reasonably believe the victim consented.
第二节、教学目的
一、了解等其它性犯罪的概念。
二、掌握主要几种性犯罪的构成要件。
第三节、教学安排
一、课堂授课。
二、两学时。
第四节、教学重点
一、插入罪概念及构成要件。
二、猥亵罪概念及构成要件。
第五节、教学难点
一、插入罪概念。
二、与卖淫相关的犯罪的认定。
第六节、教学方法与手段
一、双语教学。
二、互动教学。
三、课堂讲授、讨论与课后作业相结合。

第十章 盗窃罪
第一节、教学内容
一、盗窃罪概念及构成要件。Theft is the central offence against property. Not only is it a crime in its own right, but it also forms a key ingredient in a number of other crimes such as robbery and burglary. The actus reus of theft is appropriating property belonging to another. It comprises of three separate elements: appropriation, property, and belonging to another. The mens rea of theft is constituted by the two elements of dishonesty and intention to permanently deprive.
二、盗窃罪的刑事责任与量刑。A mere borrowing will be sufficient to constitute a theft. The critical notion is whether a defendant intended ‘to treat the thing as his own to dispose of regardless of the other’s rights’. If there is such an intention at the time of the appropriation, giving the property back later will not alter the fact of the presence of the initial intention and a charge of theft will be made out. For example, if a person takes property from his employer and uses it in a way that makes restoration unlikely or impossible, then this provision will apply. The maximum sentence for the offence of theft is seven years’ imprisonment.
第二节、教学目的
一、了解盗窃罪概念。
二、掌握盗窃罪构成要件。
第三节、教学安排
一、课堂授课。
二、两学时。
第四节、教学重点
一、盗窃罪的客观要件。
二、盗窃罪的主观要件。
第五节、教学难点
一、对盗窃罪客观要件的认定。
二、对盗窃罪主观要件的认定。
第六节、教学方法与手段
一、双语教学。
二、互动教学。
三、课堂讲授、讨论与课后作业相结合。

第十一章 抢劫罪以及相关犯罪
第一节、教学内容
一、抢劫罪概念及构成要件。Robbery is most simply described as an aggravated theft, as it usually involves all the elements of theft but accompanied by force or a threat of force. This can cover anything from a mugging in the street to a big bank robbery with gun
二、其它相关犯罪的概念及构成要件。Burglary is regarded as a particularly unique crime as it typically involves an invasion of a victim’s privacy by entering somewhere that the victim is meant to feel safe and secure. The standard example given is that of someone breaking into a private home and stealing from it. In fact, burglary covers more situations than merely this one; it is not limited to theft, and can involve the commission of other offences inside a habitual home.
三、抢劫罪以及相关犯罪的刑事责任与量刑。
第二节、教学目的
一、了解抢劫罪以及相关犯罪的概念。
二、掌握抢劫罪以及相关犯罪的构成要件。
第三节、教学安排
一、课堂授课。
二、两学时。
第四节、教学重点
一、抢劫罪构成要件。
二、入室犯罪构成要件。
第五节、教学难点
一、抢劫罪与盗窃罪的区别。
二、入室犯罪的认定。
第六节、教学方法与手段
一、双语教学。
二、互动教学。
三、课堂讲授、讨论与课后作业相结合。

第十二章 诈骗罪
第一节、教学内容
一、几种诈骗罪的概念及构成要件。Offences in this chapter concern situations where the defendant obtains something by lying - described in the legislation as deception or fraud. Deception and fraud are closely related to theft and other offences involving dishonesty. The most important element in such offences is the presence of the operating act of ‘deception’ or ‘fraud’.
二、刑事责任与量刑。The Criminal Law Revision Committee has indicated that this rule exists in order to avoid unnecessary legislative complications and that ‘… a person who uses deception in order to obtain property to which he believes himself entitled will not be guilty; for though the deception may be dishonest, the obtaining is not.’ The maximum sentence for the offence of obtaining property by deception is ten years’ imprisonment.
第二节、教学目的
一、了解诈骗罪的概念。
二、掌握诈骗罪的构成要件。
第三节、教学安排
一、课堂授课。
二、两学时。
第四节、教学重点
一、诈取财物罪构成要件。
二、诈取服务罪构成要件。
第五节、教学难点
一、诈取财物罪的认定。
二、诈取财物罪与诈取服务罪的区别。
第六节、教学方法与手段
一、双语教学。
二、互动教学。
三、课堂讲授、讨论与课后作业相结合。

第十三章 金融犯罪
第一节、教学内容
一、金融犯罪概念及构成要件。White-color crime is the name given to criminal activities performed by those in fairly high-status occupations during the course of their work – fraud is the obvious example. Corporate crime is that committed by companies. Fraud also tends to be the area most associated with corporate crime.
二、金融犯罪的刑事责任与量刑。Neither white-color nor corporate crimes are adequately reflected in official statistics. There is low awareness of the fact that they have been committed. Many such offences victimize the community as a whole, or large groups of consumers.
第二节、教学目的
一、了解金融犯罪的概念。
二、掌握金融犯罪的构成要件
第三节、教学安排
一、课堂授课。
二、两学时。
第四节、教学重点
一、白领犯罪概念。
二、金融犯罪构成要件。
第五节、教学难点
一、白领犯罪的认定。
二、金融犯罪客观要件的认定。
第六节、教学方法与手段
一、双语教学。
二、互动教学。
三、课堂讲授、讨论与课后作业相结合。

第十四章 破坏财产罪
第一节、教学内容
一、破坏财产罪概念及构成要件。The criminal damage is the offence of intentionally or recklessly destroying or damaging any property belonging to another without lawful excuse. The actus reus of the offence requires four elements: destroying or damaging, property, belonging to another, and lawful excuse. The mens rea of the offence requires that the defendant must intend or be reckless as to the damaging of property. Recklessness is Caldwell recklessness.
二、破坏财产罪的刑事责任与量刑。Section 1 of the Criminal Damage Act 1971 states: ‘(1) A person who without lawful excuse destroys or damages any property belonging to another intending to destroy or damage any such property or being reckless as to whether any such property would be destroyed or damaged shall be guilty of offence.’ The maximum sentence for the offence of criminal damage is ten yeas’ imprisonment.
第二节、教学目的
一、了解破坏财产罪概念。
二、掌握破坏财产罪构成要件
第三节、教学安排
一、课堂授课。
二、两学时。
第四节、教学重点
一、破坏财产罪概念。
二、破坏财产罪构成要件。
第五节、教学难点
一、破坏财产罪主观要件的认定。
二、破坏财产罪客观要件的认定。
第六节、教学方法与手段
一、双语教学。
二、互动教学。
三、课堂讲授、讨论与课后作业相结合。

第十五章 刑事辩护（一）
第一节、教学内容
一、刑事责任年龄。The doctrine of mens rea is based on the presumption that criminal liability should only be imposed on those who are capable of understanding the nature and foreseeing the consequences of their actions. Since it is generally assumed that children below a certain age lack this capacity, it follows that they should not be held responsible for acts which if committed by an adult would be criminal.
二、刑事责任能力。There are two ways in which a defendant’s sanity may be relevant: if he is insane at the time of the actual trial or if he was insane at the time when he committed the offence. The two have quite different justifications. It is unfair to try someone who is insane at the time of the trial (unfit to plead), because if he is unable to understand the proceedings then he will be unable to participate and put forward his case. It is inappropriate to punish someone who is insane at the time he committed the offence because he was not responsible for his actions. Although such a person may be suitable for compulsory detention, the censure connected with a criminal conviction would not be appropriate. Given those different justifications, it is not surprising that the law regulating these two versions of the insanity defence are quite distinct.
第二节、教学目的
一、了解刑事责任年龄及犯罪主体的有关法律规定。
二、了解刑事责任能力的有关法律规定。
第三节、教学安排
一、课堂授课。
二、两学时。
第四节、教学重点
一、刑事责任能力概念。
二、刑事责任能力的认定。
第五节、教学难点
一、精神病种类的划分。
二、主动醉酒与非主动醉酒的区别与认定。
第六节、教学方法与手段
一、双语教学。
二、互动教学。
三、课堂讲授、讨论与课后作业相结合。

第十六章 刑事辩护（二）
第一节、教学内容
一、正当防卫概念、种类、条件及刑事责任。These defences can apply where a person does something which would normally be a crime, but their reason for doing it is to prevent crime in one of several specified ways, or to protect themselves, someone else, or property.
二、紧急避险概念、种类、条件及刑事责任。The essence of the defence is that the defendant committed the crime in question in order to avoid an even greater evil. These are two reasons for recognizing a defence of necessity in these circumstances: 1) It is unjust to punish a defendant for doing something that reasonable person would have done in the same circumstances; and 2) The law should encourage a defendant to choose the lesser and avoid the greater evil on grounds of public policy.
第二节、教学目的
一、了解正当防卫和紧急避险概念。
二、掌握正当防卫和紧急避险构成条件。
第三节、教学安排
一、课堂授课。
二、两学时。
第四节、教学重点
一、正当防卫概念。
二、紧急避险概念。
第五节、教学难点
一、正当防卫的认定。
二、紧急避险的认定。
第六节、教学方法与手段
一、双语教学。
二、互动教学。
三、课堂讲授、讨论与课后作业相结合。

第十七章 刑事辩护（三）
第一节、教学内容
一、有关其它刑事辩护的概念。Duress is the defence that applies where people commit a crime because they were acting under a threat of death or serious personal injury to themselves or another. By allowing the defence the criminal law is recognizing that the defendant had been faced with a terrible dilemma. There are four types of mistakes: the mistake negates mens rea; the mistake does not negate mens rea; the mistake belief forms the basis of a defence; and a mistake of law provides no defence.
二、有关其它刑事辩护的法律规定和要素。The defence of duress consists of a plea that the defendant felt compelled to commit a crime because of an immediate threat of death or serious bodily harm by another person.
第二节、教学目的
一、了解有关其它刑事辩护的概念。
二、掌握有关其它刑事辩护的规定和要素。
第三节、教学安排
一、课堂授课。
二、两学时。
第四节、教学重点
一、对认识错误的刑事辩护。
二、对胁迫犯罪的刑事辩护。
第五节、教学难点
一、无意识行为与无刑事责任能力的区别和认定。
二、胁迫犯罪与紧急避险的区别和认定。
第六节、教学方法与手段
一、双语教学。
二、互动教学。
三、课堂讲授、讨论与课后作业相结合。

第十八章 总复习

五、课程教材及主要参考资料
教材：
1．[英]凯瑟琳•爱利欧特﹑弗朗西斯•奎恩合著:《刑法》， 伦敦，皮尔森教育出版社，2004年 (Catherine Elliott and Frances Quinn, Criminal Law, London: Pearson Education, 2004)
参考书：
1．[英]约翰•斯密思:《刑法》，伦敦，巴特尔渥斯出版，2002年(John Smith, Criminal Law, London: LexisNexis Butterworths, 2002)
2．[英]安朱•爱史渥斯:《刑法原理》，牛津，牛津大学出版社，2003年(Andrew Ashworth, Principles of Criminal Law, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003)
3． [英]乔纳森•赫灵:《刑法：教程﹑案例与资料》，牛津，牛津大学出版社，2004年(Jonathan Herring, Criminal Law: Text, Cases, and Materials, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004)

六、课程考核方式及成绩评定
本课程考核方式为开卷考试，百分制形式判分，以“优、良、可、及格、不及格”折算分数记入考试成绩。成绩结构划分如下：90-100分为“优”；80-89分为“良”；70-79分为“可”；60-69分为及格；59分（含59分）以下为不及格。　

七、其他说明
1．由于英国与中国分属不同法系，政治制度也存在根本差异，所以在教学过程中要做有关背景介绍。
2．运用启发式和互动式教学方法调动学生, 鼓励畅所欲言、各抒己见、严谨治学。
3．鉴于学生英语水平参差不齐，在教学中力求兼顾各方，必要时，可以做个别指导。
4．授课结束前布置思考题或案例分析，供学生课后讨论学习。

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